Mopa mopa and Barniz de Pasto at the Victoria and Albert Museum: recent developments

This paper summarises the research carried out so far on barniz de Pasto objects from the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) collection, and outlines future areas of development for our collection of Indigenous lacquer from Latin America. The V&A was the first UK public institution to identify within its collection objects decorated with barniz de Pasto. Two of these were acquired in 2015 and 2018; others had entered the collection between 1855 and 1902 but were recognised as barniz de Pasto only after 2018. The acquisition in 2015 of a cabinet marked the start of a research campaign to understand the materiality and context of all the museum’s barniz de Pasto objects. The ana-lytical techniques used included X-radiography, polarised light microscopy and digital micros-copy, Raman microscopy, X-ray fluorescence (point and scanning), chromatography (py-GC–MS and LC–DAD–MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray micro computed tomography. Unexpected discoveries were made along the way, including the char-acterisation and documentation of mercury white (mercury(I) chloride, or calomel) used as a white pigment, a world first. Gel-based cleaning methods were used to remove a non-original, discoloured, natural varnish covering nearly the entire surface of one of the objects, and also the recent overpaint on its lid, revealing original surfaces which had been repaired and drastically repainted in the second half of the twentieth century.

Mopa mopa. Barniz de Pasto. Barniz brillante. Mercury white. Calomel. Gourd. Lacquer. Indigenous American lacquer. Gel cleaning. Silver.